CTEVT | Computer-Fundamental | Questions Papers | Diploma in Engineering | 1st Year / 1st part

CTEVT | Computer Fundamental| Diploma in computer engineering | Question paper

                                        Computer-Fundamental-2075

Solution of Computer fundamental Question paperer

1. a) What is a Computer? What are the characteristics of a [1+4] computer? Explain.

Computer: A computer is an electronic device that processes data under the control of instructions stored in its memory. It can perform various tasks, from simple calculations to complex simulations.

Characteristics of a Computer:

• Processing: Computers can execute instructions and perform operations on data.
• Storage: They can store data in both temporary (RAM) and permanent (hard drive) storage.
• Input and Output: Computers can accept input from users and other devices, and produce output for users.
• Programmability: They can execute different programs and tasks based on user instructions.
• Electronic: Computers use electronic components for processing and data manipulation.

b) Write down the features of fifth-generation computers.

Features of Fifth Generation Computers:

1. Artificial Intelligence (AI): These computers are capable of simulating human-like intelligence, learning, and reasoning.
2. Parallel Processing: They can execute multiple tasks simultaneously, enhancing speed and efficiency.
3. Natural Language Processing: Fifth-generation computers can understand and respond to human language inputs.
4. Expert Systems: They incorporate expert-level knowledge in specialized domains, enabling intelligent decision-making.
5. Highly Advanced User Interfaces: These computers feature intuitive interfaces for seamless interaction with users.

3. Draw the block diagram of a computer. Classify and explain computers based on size. 

Block Diagram of a Computer:

Classification of Computers based on Size:

• Supercomputers: These are extremely powerful computers used for complex scientific calculations and simulations. They are typically large in size and are employed in research institutions and government agencies.

• Mainframe Computers: Mainframes are large, high-performance computers capable of handling vast amounts of data and supporting multiple users simultaneously. They are often used in large organizations for critical applications such as banking and telecommunications.

• Minicomputers: Minicomputers are smaller than mainframes but larger than microcomputers. They are suitable for medium-sized businesses and organizations that require substantial computing power but do not need the capabilities of mainframes.

• Microcomputers (Personal Computers): Microcomputers, also known as personal computers (PCs), are small, relatively inexpensive computers designed for individual use. They include desktops, laptops, and tablets, and are widely used in homes, schools, and businesses for various tasks.

3. Differentiate between SRAM and DRAM. Briefly explain the structure and working principle of a hard disk.

SRAM (Static Random Access Memory):

• Faster and more expensive than DRAM.
• Doesn't need to be refreshed like DRAM.
• Uses flip-flops to store data.

DRAM (Dynamic Random Access Memory):

• Slower and cheaper than SRAM.
• Needs to be refreshed periodically to maintain data integrity.
• Uses capacitors to store data.

Structure and Working Principle of a Hard Disk:

Structure:

Consists of one or more magnetic platters coated with a magnetic material.

Each platter has a read/write head attached to an actuator arm.

Platters spin at high speeds while the heads move across them to read or write data.

Working Principle:

Data is stored magnetically on the platters in the form of binary digits (0s and 1s).

When reading data, the read/write heads detect the magnetic patterns on the platters and convert them into electrical signals.

When writing data, the heads apply magnetic fields to the platters to encode the data.

Data is organized into tracks, sectors, and clusters for efficient storage and retrieval.

4. a) Differences between Analog and Digital Computers:

Representation of Data:

• Analog computers use continuous physical quantities for data representation, such as voltage, current, or rotation angle.
• Digital computers represent data using discrete binary digits (bits), which are either 0 or 1.

Precision and Accuracy:

• Analog computers typically offer higher precision and accuracy for continuous calculations and measurements.
• Digital computers provide precise and accurate results for discrete calculations but may have limitations in handling continuous data.

Operations:

• Analog computers perform operations by continuously varying physical quantities, such as voltage or current.
• Digital computers perform operations using discrete logic gates, arithmetic units, and algorithms to manipulate binary data.

4. b) Who is known as the father of computers? Why?

The "Father of the Computer" is  Charles Babbage.

Why Charles Babbage?

• Charles Babbage is considered the "Father of Computer" due to his groundbreaking work on mechanical computing machines during the 19th century.

• He conceptualized and designed the Analytical Engine, a mechanical general-purpose computer that had many essential features of modern computers, including a central processing unit (CPU), memory, and input/output devices.

• Although the Analytical Engine was never completed during Babbage's lifetime, his contributions laid the foundation for the development of modern computers.

• Babbage's visionary ideas and pioneering work in computer science earned him the title of the "Father of Computer."