CTEVT | Computer Application | Civil Engineering Question Paper | 1st Year / 2nd Part | 3rd semester diploma in civil engineering
Computer Application 2074 | diploma in civil engineering
Solution of Computer Application 2079 paper:
1. a) What is computer software? Describe the system software in brief.
Computer software refers to a set of instructions that enable a computer to perform specific tasks. It consists of programs, data, and documentation. There are two main types of software:
System Software: Manages the hardware and provides a platform for running application software.
Application Software: Performs specific tasks for the user.
b) Difference between 3rd Generation and 4th Generation Computer are given below:
3rd Generation Computers (1964-1971):
- Technology: The Main Electronic Component is (ICs).
- Size: Smaller compared to previous generations.
- Speed: Faster and more reliable processing.
- Examples: The IBM 360 series is a notable example.
- Memory: Used core memory for storage.
4th Generation Computers (1971-Present):
- Technology: microprocessors are the Main Electronic Component.
- Size: Continued the trend of miniaturization, smaller and more powerful.
- Speed: Capable of multitasking and handling complex operations.
- Examples: Personal computers, laptops, and microcomputers fall into this category.
- Memory: Transitioned to semiconductor memory, including RAM and ROM.
2. a) Draw a neat block diagram of a digital computer and explain how data is processed in a computer.
Data is processed in a digital computer through input, processing, storage, and output stages.
Input:
In computing, input refers to data or signals provided to a computer system. This could include keyboard input, mouse clicks, or data from other devices.
CPU (Central Processing Unit):
The CPU is the brain of the computer, responsible for executing instructions of a computer program. It performs arithmetic and logic operations and coordinates other system components.
CU (Control Unit):
The control unit manages and controls the operations of the computer's components. It interprets and executes instructions from the memory and directs data flow within the CPU.
Arithmetic and Logic Unit (ALU):
The ALU is a component of the CPU responsible for performing arithmetic and logic operations, such as addition, subtraction, and comparison.
Memory Unit:
The memory unit stores data and instructions that the CPU needs during its operations. It includes primary and secondary memory.
Primary Memory:
Also known as RAM (Random Access Memory), primary memory is volatile and is used to temporarily store data and program instructions that the CPU is actively using.
Secondary Memory:
Secondary memory is non-volatile storage, like hard drives or solid-state drives, used for long-term storage of data and programs.
Output:
Output refers to the results produced by a computer system, which can include information displayed on a monitor, printed documents, or signals sent to other devices.
b). What is memory? Write the differences between RAM and ROM.
Memory, in the context of computing, refers to the electronic components that store and retrieve data for short-term or long-term use by a computer. It is an essential part of a computer system and comes in various types, each serving a specific purpose in the overall functionality of the system.
differences between RAM and ROM.
RAM:
- RAM is a volatile memory that can store the data as long as the power is supplied.
- It is a high-speed memory.
- Large size with higher capacity
- RAM is more costlier than ROM.
ROM:
- ROM is a non-volatile memory that can retain the data even when the power is turned off.
- It is much slower than the RAM.
- Small size with less capacity
- ROM is cheaper than RAM.
3. a) Describe the functions of the operating system.
The operating system (OS) is a fundamental software component that acts as an intermediary between computer hardware and application software.
Here are the primary functions of an operating system:
Memory Management:
- Manages primary memory allocation and deallocation.
- Keeps track of memory usage and addresses.
- Controls order and duration of memory access in multiprogramming.
Processor Management:
- Allocates processor time to processes.
- Monitors process status and uses a traffic controller program.
- Allocates and deallocates the processor efficiently.
Device Management:
- Manages device communication through drivers.
- Tracks connected devices and use I/O controllers.
- Allocates and deallocates devices effectively.
File Management:
- Organizes file systems with directories.
- Tracks file information, access settings, and status.
- Ensures the integrity and security of file data.
Security:
- Implements password protection for user data.
- Prevents unauthorized access to programs and data.
- Ensures integrity and confidentiality through various security measures.
b) Internal DOS Commands:
- DIR: Displays a list of files and directories.
- CD (Change Directory): Changes the current directory.
- COPY: Copies one or more files to another location.
- DEL (Delete): Deletes one or more files.
4. a) Difference between HUB and Switch.
Hub:
- Operated on the Physical layer of the OSI model.
- Broadcast type transmission.
- Typically has 4/12 ports.
- Does not provide packet filtering.
- Cannot be used as a repeater.
Switch:
- Operated on the Data Link layer of the OSI model.
- Supports Unicast, Multicast, and Broadcast type transmission.
- Can have 24 to 48 ports.
- Provides packet filtering.
- Can be used as a repeater.
b). Discuss various cables used in networking
Various types of cables are used in networking to establish connections and transmit data between devices. Here's a discussion on some of the commonly used cables in networking:
Ethernet Cable:
- Purpose: Used for wired network connections.
- Variants: Cat5e, Cat6, Cat6a, Cat7, each offering different data transmission speeds and bandwidth capacities.
- Applications: Connects devices such as computers, routers, switches, and other network peripherals.
Fiber Optic Cable:
- Purpose: Transmits data using light signals.
- Advantages: High bandwidth, immunity to electromagnetic interference, and long-distance transmission capabilities.
- Applications: Commonly used in high-speed data networks, telecommunications, and internet connections.
Coaxial Cable:
- Purpose: Transmits data through a copper conductor.
- Advantages: Provides high bandwidth and is resistant to signal interference.
- Applications: Traditionally used for cable television (CATV) connections, broadband internet, and some local area networks (LANs).
Twisted Pair Cable:
- Purpose: Consists of pairs of insulated copper wires twisted together.
- Categories: Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP) and Shielded Twisted Pair (STP).
- Applications: UTP is commonly used in Ethernet connections, while STP is used in environments with high electromagnetic interference.
5. a) Features of Spreadsheet Package:
- Cell-based Structure: Data organized in cells.
- Formulas and Functions: Allows mathematical calculations and data manipulation.
- Charts and Graphs: Visual representation of data.
- Data Sorting and Filtering: Organizing and analyzing data efficiently.
b) Computer Viruses and Removal Techniques:
- Computer Viruses: Malicious software that infects and harms computer systems.
- Removal Techniques: Use antivirus software, regularly update the operating system, avoid suspicious downloads, and use firewall protection.
6. Write Short notes:
i) Web Browser:
A web browser is a software application designed for accessing and navigating information on the World Wide Web. It interprets HTML code, allowing users to view text, images, videos, and other multimedia content. Popular examples include Google Chrome, Mozilla Firefox, and Microsoft Edge. Web browsers play a crucial role in enabling users to explore websites, interact with web-based applications, and access a vast array of online resources.
ii) CRT (Cathode Ray Tube):
CRT, or Cathode Ray Tube, is a display technology primarily used in older computer monitors and televisions. It functions by emitting electrons from a cathode, which are then accelerated and directed to a phosphorescent screen, creating images through the emission of light. While largely replaced by newer display technologies like LCD and LED, CRT monitors were once commonplace and contributed to the development of computer displays, offering a reliable and widely adopted technology.
iii) Hard Disk:
A hard disk is a non-volatile data storage device for computers. It consists of one or more magnetic platters coated with a ferrous material and spinning at high speeds. Data is written and read using magnetic heads positioned over the platters' surfaces. Hard disks provide significant storage capacity for the long-term retention of data, including operating systems, applications, and user files. They are a fundamental component in modern computing systems, though solid-state drives (SSDs) are gaining popularity for their faster performance.
iv) Topology:
Topology refers to the physical or logical arrangement of a computer network. It defines how network nodes, such as computers, servers, and other devices, are interconnected. Common network topologies include bus, star, ring, mesh, and hybrid configurations. Physical topology deals with the actual layout of cables and devices, while logical topology focuses on the data flow and communication paths within the network. Choosing the appropriate topology depends on factors such as scalability, reliability, and ease of maintenance, impacting the overall efficiency and performance of the network.
Thank You
Computer Application 2073 | diploma in civil engineering
Computer Application 2074 | diploma in civil engineering
Computer Application 2073 | diploma in civil engineering
Computer Application 2072 | diploma in civil engineering
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